![]() It seems like not having the value in your table would be a problem, but it's a very small one $-$ since your answer for $P(01$ and $Z< -1$), the integral will be bounded below by the midpoint rule and above by the trapezoidal rule, which usefully bounds where the answer can lieīut, really, just using the limits provided by 3 and $\infty$ is plenty, I imagine. Your question should therefore be modified to ask "*How do I deal with the fact that my table doesn't go as high as my $Z$ value?*" ![]() Your problem appears to be that your table doesn't go further. For example, to find the area under the standard normal below z1, we use: pnorm(1) 1 0. By default, it uses a standard normal distribution (mean 0, s.d. It shows you the percent of population: between 0 and Z (option '0 to Z') less than Z (option 'Up to Z') greater than Z (option 'Z onwards') It only display values to 0. The mean for the standard normal distribution is zero, and the standard deviation is one. The calculation is as follows: x + (z)() 5 + (3)(2) 11. It is a Normal Distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. For example, if the mean of a normal distribution is five and the standard deviation is two, the value 11 is three standard deviations above (or to the right of) the mean. The standard normal ranges from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. R’s function ’pnorm’ calculates the area under the normal distribution below a z-score. Standard Normal Distribution Table This is the 'bell-shaped' curve of the Standard Normal Distribution.
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